Your letter grades have been posted as of 6:30pm.

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I have posted the Final exam grade (but not course grade) as of 6:30 pm.

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Re. the Final exam outline posted below, I just noted that one of the items was truncated (cut off at the end).  It should read:

• Chemical equations: writing and balancing the six types including molecular, complete ionic, and net ionic equations.

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Medical science is constantly changing or evolving.  Consider salicilic acid, an ancient remedy, and the precursor to aspirin in your synthesis of  aspirin in the aspirin lab you ran.  It has now been found to have anti-cancer properties, and does so at the level of the gene (DNA)::  https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/05/160531182441.htm.  Abstract:

Scientists have identified a new pathway by which salicylic acid — a key compound in the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs aspirin and diflunisal — stops inflammation and tumor growth in cancer. Both salicylic acid and diflunisal suppress two key proteins that help control gene expression throughout the body. By inhibiting these proteins, the two drugs block the activation of other proteins involved in inflammation and cell growth, including one linked to leukemia.

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As discussed in class last week, the connection between health or disease and the microbiota of the intestine is a rapidly developing field of  medical research and treatment.  We looked at examples of lipid and protein catabolism and their relationship to gut bacteria and cardiovascular disease.  These studies are  providing stunning new insights impacting our health and potential therapeutic options.   Here’s a similar brief example from this morning, in this case how gut bacteria can affect our brain and behavior:  Connections between gut microbiota and the brain. It’s a short but fascinating read.

Here’s a broader focused article on keeping your gut microbiota happy from today’s Washington Post:  How to feed a happy gut

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Grades are posted as of 5:45pm Saturday.

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Exam 4:  When I’ve completed grading, I will post Exam 4 results along with your current grade in the course.

Extra Credit:  I posted the publication and a list of questions on the Chapter 15 lecture notes page.  The topic is very interesting, but given the time restraints of most of you, perhaps some of you should only spend the effort if your course grade is close to a possible bump up or drop down by the Final exam.  I anticipate that a well written and thoughtful response to the assignment could lead to perhaps a 1% bump up of your total score.  I will test this shortly when I decide how much the assignment will be worth.

Final Exam. Some early information:

Some people have been asking about the Final exam.  For those of you who will be using the Memorial Day weekend for extra study, here is some early information.

Keep in mind that the Final exam is a comprehensive exam.  Your Final exam is still several questions from being completed, but I am posting below an outline of key topics you are responsible for.

To aid in your preparation for the Final exam on Tues June 7, I will be doing the following:

• Practice Final:  Here is a practice Final exam to stimulate your studying:  Practice Final Ch3 .  I’m still working on the actual Final exam.  I anticipate it will have about 80 or so multiple choice questions and 30 or so free response questions.
• Comprehensive Review, Thursday June 2:  This is generally a fun and highly productive session.  Six years ago I started a personal tradition of bringing in a jug of Starbuck’s coffee, Noah’s bagels with cream cheese, and some fruits and veggies to keep the atmosphere informal and our focus and brains revved up!  I hope all of you will participate.

We will go over the Practice Final, and then one-by-one I will display pages from old exams as well as many other practice questions created specifically for this review, and we will work the problems.  We have enough time to do a thorough and comprehensive review as we work all these old exams.  We will address questions you have as they come up, or any that have arisen during your study for the exam.

Do not wait for the review session to begin your preparation and study.  The best place to start is your prior exams and quizzes.  Look at the questions and problems and try to answer them before looking at your answers on the exam or quiz.

By the way, if you have questions during your studying, feel free to send me an e-mail.  I’ll get back to you without much delay.

Note: you will need a Scantron (#882E – 50 ABCDE questions per side).  The exam will be a mixture of multiple choice and free response.  A great many of the multiple choice questions require calculations to determine the correct answer.  Multiple choice is done primarily to speed up the grading process.  The down side is that partial credit is unlikely for most multiple choice questions.

Chemistry 3 Final Exam Preliminary Outline – 

Scientific notation

Significant figures

Metric conversions

Temperature conversions

Density

Atomic structure

Isotopes and calculation of atomic mass

Atomic trends / electronegativity

Ionization energy determinants

Electron configuration, elements / ions

Valence electrons and the octet rule

Elements versus ions

Compounds: ionic and covalent compounds / formula

Chemical bonds: ionic versus covalent

Conversions: Moles / grams / # of atoms

Chemical equations: writing and balancing the six types including net ionic

Stoichiometry of chemical reactions

Energy / specific heat calculations

Gas laws and molar mass of a gas
Solutions: Polarity, intermolecular forces and predicting solubility

Solutions: molarity / dilution

Acids and bases:

• Common acids / bases
• Why the Bronsted-Lowry definition of an acid was necessary
• [H⁺], [OH^–], pH, pOH
• Titration
• Buffers (how do they work?)
• Water and its amphoteric properties

Oxidation / reduction reactions (OIL RIG) and change in charge on the individual atoms.

Hydrocarbons:

• Chemical formula from names
• Names from structures or chemical formula
• Isomers / stereochemistry / chiral carbon
• Functional groups and chemical reactions

Carbohydrates (Saccharides)

• Chiral carbon

.    D/L isomers / Fischer projections / Haworth projection.  Chemical reactions

Lipids

• Biological role
• Classification
• Chemical reactions

Amino Acids

Question(s) on topics to be covered these last two teaching sessions (Amino Acids; Nucleic Acids; some aspects of energy and metabolism).

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Please note:  Lab locker check-out will take place tomorrow, probably in the first hour.  Keep in mind – you must check out or I’m told there may be consequences, e.g transcripts being frozen.

Exam 4 Chapter 10 – 13: Organic – alkanes, alkenes, organic compounds with O/S, carboxylic acids, esters, amines, amides, and related chemical reactions (oxidation/reduction, addition / “subtraction”) is scheduled for Thursday.

It requires a Scantron 882E (50 MC per side, ABCDE). It covers Chapters 10 – 13: six pages of multiple choice, and four pages of free response questions.  It’s not too difficult.

Questions will include (but are not restricted to):

• Functional groups – know all of them
• Naming of compounds with or without function groups
• Drawing compound structures from their names
• Naming compounds from their structures
• Chirality
• Chemical reactions of organic compounds (oxidation/reduction, addition, esterification, amidation, etc)

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This morning I posted the answers to the four problems found in the Ch13 Practicer Problems link.

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Quiz 11 Chapter 13: Organic: carboxylic acids, esters, amines, amides – will be on Thursday and will include (but is not limited to) questions on:

• Identifying functional groups
• Drawing chemical structures when given a name
• Writing the name for a given chemical structure
• Writing and predicting the products of the reactions we’ve covered in Chapter 13, e.g. formation and hydrolysis of esters; formation and hydrolysis of amides

Note: For the Chapter 12 Class notes, I’ve added a list of the answers to the problems that are posted within the Class lecture notes.

Lab reminder:  Bring your safety goggles Tuesday.

Quiz 10: Thursday,  (Chapter 12) will require knowledge of compounds with O and S, as well as alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes. For example:

• Given a molecular structure, derive the IUPAC name for the molecule
• Given an IUPAC name for a molecule, determine the structure
• Classification of compounds, including alcohols
• Chemical reactions of hydrocarbon compounds, e.g. addition reactions, oxidation reactions, etc as covered in the textbook and the worksheets for Chapters 11 and 12.

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Third post:

Quiz 9: Thursday, covers Chapters 10 and 11: Alkanes / Alkenes / Alkynes.  It’s not quite completed yet, but things that you will be expected to know include (but are not limited to):

• Given a name, draw the molecular structure
• Given a structure, name the molecule
• Knowledge of structural or positional isomers
• Identify stereochemical isomers, e.g. cis/trans ; chiral
• Knowledge of certain organic functional groups
• Chemical reactions of alkanes or alkenes including products

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Second  post:

Improving Nursing Student Preparation at LBCC:

Your Input is Requested

As you know, almost all pre-nursing students take chemistry, anatomy (ANAT 40), physiology (PHYSI 1), and microbiology (BIO 2) on their way to nursing school.  This spring, a few faculty have been asking how we can improve student preparation and pathways through these classes and through nursing school.  Based on the conversations between faculty, counselors, and Sigrid Sexton (nursing dept chair), a survey has been developed to solicit your input into what steps faculty can take to improve your preparation and success in these prerequisite classes, and ask what additional support students might need.

We are requesting YOUR help in improving our pre-nursing classes. We have set up a survey that is open NOW and will remain open until Saturday May 14 at 5 PM.  Please take a few moments to improve student success in our pre-nursing program by clicking on this link and proceeding. Note: If you are enrolled in two courses (i.e. chem and physio), you only need to take the survey one time.

Link: http://www.surveygizmo.com/s3/2733528/Pre-Nursing-Survey-Spring-2016

Thank you for helping future and current LBCC pre-nursing students by participating in this information outreach.

Dr. M

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Grades are posted as of 4:00pm.

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Chapter 10 – 13 Practice Problems:  Practice Questions – Chapters 10 to 12

Reminder for the exam (because this is not covered in the textbook): this is taken from the Chapter 7 Lecture notes:

Mass percent = (Mass of solute / mass of solution) x 100

= (grams solute / grams solute + grams solvent) x 100

Examples:  Problems mass mass percent

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Exam 3 on Tuesday covering Chapters 7 and 8 (Solutions and Acids / Bases) is almost completed.  It will likely cover (but is not limited to):

Solutions:

• Solutes and solvents
• Solubility and understanding the process of dissolving including the role of IMF
• Solution preparation and solution concentration, including m/m%; m/v%; molarity
• Dilution of solutions
• Saturated/unsaturated solutions

Acids and Bases

• Knowledge of acids and bases, conjugate acids and bases, and the relative strength of acids and bases.
• Concentration calculations starting with [H+], [OH-], pH, or pOH.
• Titration of acids or bases
• Dilution
• Buffers
• Perhaps a stoichiometry problem

Reminder: The alcohol lab was moved to Tuesday, 5/10, and the carbohydrate lab to Tuesday 5/17.

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Quiz 8 Tuesday on acids/bases is still being prepared, but will likely cover problems on

• Concept or theories of acids and bases
• Strong versus weak acids and bases
• Conjugate acids and conjugate bases
• Calculation of H+ and OH^– concentration
• Calculation of pH and pOH
• Preparation of acid or base solutions of a known concentration
• Titration of acids and bases
• Buffers

Here are the answers to the Acid/Base homework:  Ch 8 Acids Bases Ch20 worksheet ans

I have posted the grades for Exam 2, and also your current standing in our course as of 5:15 today.

I’ve made some minor updates of what to expect on Exam 2 tomorrow (see below).

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Exam #2 covering Chapters 4, 5 and 6 is scheduled for Tues 4/19. Topics covered may include (but are not restricted to):

Energy

• Units of energy and conversions
• Phase changes

Chemical Reactions / Quantities

• Identifying or classifying chemical reactions, e.g. oxidation-reduction, etc.
• Balancing chemical equations
• Predicting products from combining reagents
• From word equations, write chemical equations with formula for chemical reactions and balance the reactions
• Moles / atoms
• Molar mass / molecular mass
• Percent composition / empirical formula / molecular formula of compounds
• Theoretical yield and actual percent yield
• Mole conversion factors
• Stoichiometry problems

Gases

• Kinetic molecular theory of a gas
• Gas pressure – understand what causes it
• Units of pressure / conversions
• Problems: Charles law, Boyle’s law, Avogadro’s Law, the Combined gas law, Ideal gas law, Dalton’s law; molar volume of a gas at STP
• Stoichiometry

Of course, certain levels of knowledge required by some questions are assumed, e.g. Intermolecular forces; atomic mass; STP;

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Quiz #7 Solutions is Thursday 4/14.  Questions may include (but are not restricted to)

• Intermolecular forces
• Concentration problems (m/m %, m/v %, molarity)
• Maximum solubility, i.e. saturated/unsaturated solutions
• Preparation of solutions
• Dilutions
• Osmosis

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Happy Winter break!

But, don’t slack off too much.  Five quizzes and one exam give you a good idea of what areas and type of questions to expect when tested.  There are six more quizzes, three exams, and the Final exam remaining.  Now is the time to review areas you did not do well on in quizzes or the Exam.  Try redoing quizzes and the exam from scratch while hiding your initial work.  Redo worksheets (most are available on the respective chapter private page) and look at other sources.

Note the following changes on our remaining class schedule:  Chem 3 schedule LBCC S2016 33763 jmyrtle v3

Notably, all the remaining exams and quizzes have shifted by one class period.

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Quiz #6 Gases: Tuesday,  after Winter break.   It covers

Ideal Gas Law

PV = nRT  (note: T = Kelvin)

R = 0.08206 L • atm / mole • K

Know the following, or know how to derive them from the Ideal Gas Law:

• Boyle’s Law:       PV = k        P₁V₁ = P₂V₂
• Charles Law:        V = bT      V₁/T₁ = V₂/T₂
• Avogadros’s Law: V = na       V₁/n₁ = V₂/n₂

Kelvin Conversion from Celsius

T_k = T_c + 273

Pressure Unit Conversions

1 atm = 760 mm Hg              atm = atmosphere

1 atm = 760 tor                       tor = Torricelli

1 atm = 14.7 psi                      psi = pounds per square inch

1 atm = 101,325 Pa                 Pa = Pascal

STP = ___?      T = 273K;  P = 1 atm

1 mole of any gas occupies a volume of 22.4 L at STP

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FYI, here is a health research update that I think you will find interesting.

Avoiding Sun as Dangerous as Smoking:  Avoiding Sun as Dangerous as Smoking

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FYI:  Quiz 5 Chemical Reactions and Quantities,  is Tuesday 3/29.

Quiz #5 topics may include (but are not limited to):

• Understand atomic mass and molecular mass/molar mass, both in AMU and in grams

Chemical Quantities: Convert

• A number of atoms or molecules to moles of atoms or molecules
• Moles of an atom of molecule to the number of atoms or molecules
• Moles of an element or a molecule to grams
• Grams of an element or molecule to moles

Chemical Equations

• Write chemical equations from word equations
• Balance chemical equations
• Identify the type of chemical reaction
• Calculate grams of product produced from grams of reagent

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Reminder: Quiz 4 will be this Tuesday.  Scroll down  to 3/10/16 for details.  Also, last week, Quiz 5 was moved to a week from today. (3/29).

Note: Tuesday’s lab involves strong acids, base, and peroxide.  You must wear eye protection at all times.

Grades for Exam 1 and current grade in the course have  been posted as of  6:00pm today.

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Exam 1 will be next Thurs as scheduled. I have completed a draft.  Topics may include (but are not restricted to):

Chapter 1 Measurement:

• Sig figs in calculations and measurements
• Rounding; scientific notation conversions
• Metric units including metric unit conversions
• Temperature and energy conversions
• Density

Chapter 2 Atoms and Periodic Table:

• Naming elements
• Electron configurations; valence electrons; electron dot symbols
• Isotopes of elements: a thorough understanding
• Atomic mass
• Periodic trends

Chapter 3 Compounds:

• Chemical bonds and polarity
• Compound names and formula
• Classification of compounds
• Lewis molecular structures and VSEPR molecular shape

Quiz 4 Energy and Matter, rescheduled for Tues, 3/22 will cover (but is not restricted to) the following topics:

• Temperature conversions
• Energy units and unit conversions
• Understanding states of matter, and energy changes with changes of state.
• Understanding polarity and intermolecular forces

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Quiz 4 and 5:  I am moving Thursday’s Quiz 4 back one extra day.  However, next Tuesday is a Flex day (no classes), and the next class after Thursday is 3/17, the day when Exam 1 is scheduled, so Quiz 4 will be moved to  Tuesday 3/22.  Note: Quiz 4 will include Chapter 9 Nuclear chemistry.  I’ll post what topics are covered in a couple of days

Quiz 5 will also likely move back by one day to Tuesday 3/29.

FYI:  Attached is information on BSN’s that might interest you from this week’s Wall Street Journal:  Nursing BSNs WSJ

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Quiz 3 Thursday will likely cover:

Polyatomic ions

Compounds (Ionic and Covalent):

• Writing formulas from names
• Writing names from formulas

Various trends in the Periodic table

Electronegativity

Bond polarity

Valence electrons

Paired and unpaired electrons

Lewis electron dot structures

Possibly: Lewis molecular structure and molecular geometry (Note some worked examples at the bottom of the Chapter 3 class notes page)

Note: The difference between an A and an F on this quiz usually comes down to the students who memorized the polyatomic anions (formulas and names), and those who did not.  I suggest you review the table of polyatomic ions (Table 4.7) on page 16 of the Chapter 3 class notes, and/or the table of all the key ions that was passed out to you a couple of weeks ago.

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Congratulations on your Quiz 2 results, your first quiz requiring the acquisition of some basic knowledge of Chemistry.  Grades were 90% A’s and B’s (6l% A ; 29% B).   Nice.

For Tuesday, I recommend you spend some time reading the Chapter 3 class notes for Lewis structures (p 30) and Molecular shapes (p 40 – 45) in preparation for our next lab.  Tuesday’s lab involves proposing and drawing three dimensional structures for various molecules.  It turns out that  by following some basic rules, and with knowledge of valence electrons obtained from the Periodic table, and following the Octet rule, you will be able to determine and draw the three dimensional structure of various covalent molecules.

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Re. Quiz 2 tomorrow:

• There will not be anything from Chapter 9 on the quiz.
• Note: Be sure to look closely at atomic trends (starting Page 39), e.g. the table on Page 41 or Chapter 2 Notes Part B.
• We probably won’t start the quiz until sometime after the first break, to allow us to cover any homework problems and any questions you may have.

Tomorrow we will cover Chapter 3 Compounds, and will mostly be spent on in-class worksheets

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Quiz 2 Thursday: Will cover Chapter 2 – Atoms, Elements, and the Periodic Table:

• Atomic theory and structure of the atom
• Elements: Atomic number and atomic mass
• Isotopes: Atomic number and mass number
• Measurement and calculation of atomic mass
• Electron configuration
• Valence electrons
• Periodic Table trends

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Your grades for your exercises to date as well as Quiz #1 have been posted in the Grades page as of 4:00pm today, along with your current grade in the course.

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Quiz #1: Thursday will cover Chapter 1:

• Metric units, abbreviations, and metric unit conversions
• Significant figures
• Scientific notation: convert numbers to and from scientific notation
• Calculations with emphasis on significant figures
• Rearranging algebraic equations
• Density calculations
• One extra credit question

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d

Supplemental Instruction: Tue/Thu 2:00 – 3:00pm, M-211.  Maria Morales

c

Viruses and Birth Defects: Cytomegalovirus

As the Zika virus continues to spread across the globe, and gain worldwide attention for its’ potential birth defects, an NAU researcher is calling for greater public awareness of cytomegalovirus — the most common viral cause of birth defects in the United States.

b

I sent you an announcement concerning the LBCC Nursing Students Association.  Here it their first newsletter:

February NSA Newsletter

a

Few things in medicine have fascinated me more than the placebo effect, and few things have made clinical studies / clinical trials more difficult to plan and evaluate.  You should all be familiar with this clinical effect in patients.

The Power of Positive Thinking

A few excerpts from this book review illustrate ….

When Bonnie Anderson’s water purifier sprang a leak, she slipped on the wet tiles in her kitchen and cracked a bone in her spine. The 75-year-old, formerly an avid golfer, was crippled by pain and insomnia. In desperation, she volunteered for an experimental procedure called vertebroplasty, in which medical cement is pumped into the fracture. The treatment succeeded beyond all expectations: Bonnie walked out of the hospital and soon returned to the golf course. “Except,” as science journalist Jo Marchant writes in “Cure,” “there’s something Bonnie didn’t know when she took part in the trial: she wasn’t in the vertebroplasty group. The surgery she received was fake.” The operating team went through all the motions without actually injecting the cement.

Ms. Marchant’s “Cure” is a cautious, scrupulous investigation of how the brain can help heal our bodies. It is also an important look at the flip side of this coin, which is how brains damaged by stress may make bodies succumb to physical illness or accelerated aging.

The best known brain-body interaction in medicine is the placebo effect. Ms. Marchant documents some rather astonishing examples: In a laboratory on a cliff in the Alps, fake oxygen prevents an attack of altitude sickness; tremor and rigidity in a patient with Parkinson’s disease abate with a phony infusion of dopamine; an autistic child becomes more interactive after a sham medication. Some patients respond to placebos even when they know they are taking placebos.

The more drastic the placebo, the greater the response. Capsules are better than pills, injections trump capsules and placebo surgeries work best of all. The favored remedies of the 19th century, such as toxic doses of mercury and copious bloodletting by lancet and leech, were especially ferocious placebos, abetted by the plausibility and charisma of their practitioners.

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A few of you are using the 1st Edition of the textbook.  It should serve you just as well as the new edition.  Below, I have attached the suggested end-of-chapter problems that I put into the previous syllabus using the 1st edition.  You are free to work  on any questions you choose.

Homework Problems Smith 1st Edition

Don’t forget, if you have difficulty with any of the problems assigned in class, or the suggested textbook problems, feel free to contact me at any time.   My role is to help you learn and succeed.  It helps me as well as you to know what issues need clarification or revisiting in the classroom.

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I have located the Student Study Guide for the 2nd Edition of our textbook:

Student Study Guide/Solutions Manual for Principles of General, Organic & Biochemistry

2ND EDITION

By Janice Smith and Erin Smith Berk

• Copyright: 2015
• Publication Date: January 10, 2014

• ISBN 10: 0077633679
• ISBN 13: 9780077633677

You can order by

Phone: 877 833-5524

On line: mheducation.com , find the small search box, and input the ISBN 13 number above (9780077633677)

Note that the last name in this title is different from the last name in the textbook title.  The publisher assures me that this study guide is indeed to our textbook.  I have ordered one to confirm this.

If you are working with the first edition, you might be able to find a Study Guide for it as well.  I didn’t check on it.

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I added an important sentence in the Laboratory Work section regarding safety.  If you’ve already printed the Syllabus out, just find the new sentence and write it into your copy.

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I detected a small error in the schedule, namely the numbers given for Labs 5 and 6.  The numbers have been corrected to Lab 6 and 7.

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Welcome to Chem 3, Spring 2016.  If you are reading this page prior to Tuesday, February 9, you have found and reviewed the class web page and are off to a great start.  This Current Week Commentary page will be a source of constant communication regarding the class.

If after the start of class you feel rusty in algebra and need a tuneup, try these and related videos:

http://www.khanacademy.org/math/algebra/solving-linear-equations-and-inequalities/equations_beginner/v/equations-2

http://www.khanacademy.org/math/algebra/solving-linear-equations-and-inequalities/solving_for_variable/v/rearrange-formulas-to-isolate-specific-variables

Of course, you don’t have to wait until after class starts.  You could peruse this information and take the problems for a test drive.

Please e-mail me at the class web site at any time with any questions.  It’s important to note that it’s through your questions that I determine whether I’m proceeding at the right pace in class, giving adequate time to a subject, or whether I’m being sufficiently clear in what I present.  An absence of questions from you suggests that I’m perfect in what I’m doing, and my wife frequently reminds me that that ain’t true.  Your questions or input will greatly enhance what we all learn, and how well we learn it.  They not only help me, they will help your classmates as well.